Many countries the world started to implement national forest ecological compensation plan

AUTHOR： DATE：2016/1/29 13:36:50 VISITS：

In recent years, the Convention on Biological Diversity website lists the progress of the global ecological compensation plan. Wherein, Finland, Sweden, Norway, Switzerland and other countries started to implement national forest ecological compensation plan. From the point of view of the objectives of those countries to start the program aimed at "strengthening national financial support, the release of ecological protection signal, enhanced ecosystem services, promote green economic development."

Finland - Forest Ecological Compensation Plan to implement significant effect

Finnish Forest area of 22.157 million hectares, the forest coverage rate of 73%. Finnish Forestry important for national economic development, FAO 2014 report shows that Finnish forestry absorb employment accounted for 2.8 percent of the total labor force, the forestry sector gross value added of 9.645 billion US dollars, accounting for 4.3% GDP of.

In order to protect and make good use of forests to promote sustainable development for a long time, the Finnish government will protect forest biodiversity as one of the main goals of forest cultivation and management policies. Its protected forest area of 4.8 million hectares, accounting for 22% of the total forest area. Finland efficient protection of forests, has become one of the world's nearly 10 years in a net increase in forest area in the top 10 countries.

In 2002, Finland launched called "diversity of national programs in southern Finland forest biological" (METSO) of forest ecological compensation scheme (pilot), goals include: improving the situation of the Finnish Forest Reserve, encourage private forest owners to enhance the protection, enhance the ecological service functions of forests and habitats, the pilot works well. To further protect the ecological, forest owners to compensate losses due to restrictions caused by, the Government has implemented the second phase of ecological compensation scheme, that "southern Finland forest biodiversity program (2008 Year - 2016)" (MESTO II) . Scale implementation of the second phase of the project for the protection of about 270 acres of forest, an annual investment of 40 million euros.

The program is the main buyers of government as a forest ecosystem services, both public and private forest owners as a service provider. Government first expressed intention to provide ecological compensation and demand, forest owners voluntarily choose whether to participate. Forest owners based on the state of their forests, to the MAF declared an interest, and can accept the proposed compensation price. MAF invited experts, based on 18 ecological indicators ecological value corresponding to the value of forest biological diversity as grading, and then determine whether forest owners and reasonable prices. Reasonable price, the two sides signed an agreement implementation plan; unreasonable price, the two sides further consultations. According to Finnish law, the standard level of ecological compensation is divided into six kinds: national parks, protected areas, forest law habitats, forest habitats Nature Conservation Act, permanent private protected areas of ecological compensation under permanent ecological compensation under the contract period. Once the government and forest owners negotiated, on long-term contracts (10 Year - 20 years) to pay compensation for the cost of the compensation standard is 50 euros per hectare per year -280 euros.

Forest Ecological Compensation Plan implementation of public finance in Finland, the key is to establish a public sector (Finland MAF) responsible, and to design a fair and equitable cost-effective mechanism to reflect public demand for public and government forest ecosystem services is displayed, the "expert assessment foresters tender + + mutual agreement." Implementation of the project has made to increase the area of protected forest areas of significant effect.

Sweden - - 5-year pilot providing a total compensation of SEK 74 million

Swedish forest area of 28.203 million hectares, the forest coverage rate of 69%. Swedish forestry occupy an important position in the national economic development, FAO 2014 report shows that Swedish forestry absorb employment accounted for 2% of the total labor force, the forestry sector gross value added of 13.909 billion US dollars, accounting for 3% GDP.

In order to protect forest ecosystems, the conservation of biological diversity, the Swedish government authorized the State Forestry Administration launched in Sweden in 2010 forest ecological compensation pilot program implementation period of 5 years. The project funding is divided into two parts: First, give forest owners totaled 51 million kronor (37.5 million yuan) in compensation; the second is the administrative and technical guidance for land management costs, a total of 23 million Swedish kronor (about 1691 million yuan). On average, per acre forest landowners compensation costs 4666.67 SEK (about 3431 yuan), land management and administration costs per acre forest technical guidance for 2133.33 SEK (about 1569 yuan).

Switzerland - implementation of ecological compensation to protect the water

Switzerland Basel-City Regional Implementation ecological compensation, in order to promote forests provide drinking water. The area of forest coverage rate of 12%, broadleaf forest of about 429 hectares, of which 90 hectares are forest owners all have 330 Private. Half of the city's drinking water from blue 恩埃伦森林 catchments, mainly rely on the watershed forest conservation and management of water supply. In other areas for water supply, it is necessary to carry out species substitution, the replacement section with willow and poplar cherry, urban consumers pay a higher price for this.

There are some other countries, but also to try to implement public finance forest ecological compensation, such as small-scale governmental ecological compensation Netherlands and Latvia carried out on a special forest roads, scenic view levy admission charges.

Forest Ecological Compensation national implementation of the financial plan, compensation for its grand scale, highlighting the ecological effect, with other ecological compensation mode unparalleled advantages, therefore, crucial to maintaining the sustainability of national long-term compensation plan.